Chapter 21: Ghost in the Machine
Here consciousness and free will are examined as unique traits of humans. First the arguments for materialism attempting to explain consciousness are presented. what affects the body appears to affect the mind. When the brain is damaged, the mind seems to be likewise. D'Souza posits that self-consciousness and consciousness of others is evidence for the soul. He says that evolution fail to adequately explain our minds. Furthermore, evolution does not entail generating a mind, if it can even do that, that would value truth. A useful lie is better than an inconvenient truth.
Free will is presented as another argument against materialism. According to Kant, we have terms and values for morality, therefore if these are to have any meaning we must have free will. I personally found this argument to be rather dissatisfying if not circular.
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